Solved – How to interpret the lme function result

the following is the command I used and the results I got for my question, whether the visitation frequency of my bee is different in different experiment types in different locations. I used the lme function of R. I used experiment type as the fixed effect and location as the random effect. I used ANOVA after this to get the F value. Is this right? WIthout ANOVA how I can interpret the results? I had 5 experiment types, but in results it is showing only 4 experiment types. The top most one (expt.antless) is missing.

> names(acera.freq1) [1] "expt.type"  "visit.freq" "location"   > model<-lme(visit.freq~expt.type,random=~1|location,method="ML") > summary(model) Linear mixed-effects model fit by maximum likelihood  Data: NULL         AIC      BIC    logLik   1065.928 1087.919 -525.9638  Random effects:  Formula: ~1 | location         (Intercept) Residual StdDev:    4.617241 4.682169  Fixed effects: visit.freq ~ expt.type                              Value Std.Error  DF   t-value p-value (Intercept)             10.192564  1.216852 148  8.376177  0.0000 expt.typeblack.ant      -3.579023  1.074261 148 -3.331615  0.0011 expt.typecrazy.ant      -5.804671  1.740132 148 -3.335765  0.0011 expt.typeother.ants     -5.352438  1.936756 148 -2.763610  0.0064 expt.typered.biting.ant -2.680195  2.048081 148 -1.308637  0.1927  Correlation:                          (Intr) expt.typb. expt.typc. expt.typt. expt.typeblack.ant      -0.173                                  expt.typecrazy.ant      -0.128  0.126                           expt.typeother.ants     -0.081  0.146      0.027                expt.typered.biting.ant -0.132  0.117      0.143      0.046      Standardized Within-Group Residuals:         Min          Q1         Med          Q3         Max  -1.65727163 -0.70522770 -0.02959964  0.53356588  3.28792891   Number of Observations: 171 Number of Groups: 19  > anova(model)             numDF denDF  F-value p-value (Intercept)     1   148 56.51744  <.0001 expt.type       4   148  6.28705   1e-04 

In short, "expt.antless" condition was used as a reference.

For example, based on the summary table, you can expect that (1) visiting frequency (visit.freq) to decrease by an average of 3.58 from "expt.antless" condition to "expt.typeblack.ant" condition, (2) visiting frequency to decrease by an average of 5.8 from "expt.antless" condition to "expt.typecrazy.ant" condition, and so on.

Fixed effects: visit.freq ~ expt.type                              Value Std.Error  DF   t-value p-value (Intercept)             10.192564  1.216852 148  8.376177  0.0000 expt.typeblack.ant      -3.579023  1.074261 148 -3.331615  0.0011 expt.typecrazy.ant      -5.804671  1.740132 148 -3.335765  0.0011 expt.typeother.ants     -5.352438  1.936756 148 -2.763610  0.0064 expt.typered.biting.ant -2.680195  2.048081 148 -1.308637  0.1927 

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